WHO
A scientific framework for epidemic and pandemic research preparedness
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A scientific framework for epidemic and pandemic research preparedness

9 January 2024

CONSULTATION REPORT:

WHO Report scientific approach pandemic preparedness

Scientific opportunities to achieve fast and equitable access to high-quality and trusted vaccines for future pandemics.

Background

Since 2015, the WHO has implemented a comprehensive global research strategy and preparedness plan known as the WHO R&D Blueprint for Epidemics. A centerpiece of this work is the WHO pathogen priority list which ensures research efforts are concentrated on diseases with epidemic or pandemic potential where medical countermeasures and limited or non-existent. Since November 2022, a new approach has been implemented, focusing on entire classes of viruses or bacteria rather than individual pathogens. Around 200+ scientists from 53 countries are independently evaluating the evidence related to 30 viral families, one core group of bacteria, and “Pathogen X” – an unknown pathogen with the potential to trigger a severe global epidemic. This new approach will also help identify representative viruses (or prototypes) within a viral family as a pathfinder in generating evidence and filling knowledge gaps that may then apply to other viruses of threat in the same family1.

Improved pandemic preparedness could be achieved by proactively managing emerging virus threats focused on four discreet activities using currently available tools:

  • discovery and surveillance,
  • targeted basic research,
  • translational research and product development, and
  • clinical trial infrastructure and deployment capacity.

Many have proposed a variety of approaches including promoting basic research, translational research, coordination of access to data, and development of prototype vaccines among others. Coordinating and accelerating global research must promote universal values. Regarding a collaborative effort to ensure access to MCMs during pandemics, some have emphasized the importance of speed and sometimes cost in responding to future pandemics. It is equally important to take a broader view that recognizes the primary importance of quality, equity in access, and trust in the products' safety and efficacy. As a community, we need to explore the different scientific challenges openly and broadly, discuss the scientific solutions being proposed; outline the various potential actions and what problem(s) each action will address2. A series of four consultations have been planned to discuss these matters.

  • discovery and surveillance,
  • To review the state of the art and the scientific opportunities and challenges
  • To outline cross-cutting scientific actions are needed (globally and at the country level) to address the development challenges.
  • To discuss and clarify the utility of establishing generalizable research approaches relative to specific product development within viral families.

Many have proposed a variety of approaches including promoting basic research, translational research, coordination of access to data, and development of prototype vaccines among others. Coordinating and accelerating global research must pro

First consultation – 9 January 2024
A Scientific Framework for Epidemics and Pandemics Preparedness
Second consultation – 18 January 2024
Critical research for priority pathogens with epidemic potential
Third consultation – 19 January 2024
Research response to pathogen X during a pandemic
Fourth consultation – February, 2024

Addressing uncertainty during epidemics and pandemics by generating randomized evidence

Disclaimer - During these meetings, we will not discuss specific national or international initiatives or define or discuss the elements of global governance

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1 https://www.who.int/teams/blueprint/who-r-and-d-blueprint-for-epidemics
2 https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/r-d-blueprint-meetings/global-research-and-innovation-for-health-emergencies_report-2023.pdf

PRESENTATIONS

SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO ADDRESS UNCERTAINTY

Objectives of the meeting

A scientific approach to pandemic preparedness 

A global effort to identify viral and bacterial families that are anticipated to threaten public health

Strategies to promote collaboration and universal values in development and evaluation of medical countermeasures

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH PRIORITIES FOR ALL VIRAL AND BACTERIAL FAMILIES, REGARDLESS OF PERCEIVED PANDEMIC POTENTIAL

Research on virus detection and discovery methods, including metagenomics and their application to human samples

Enhancing unbiased efforts to identify new pathogens/ variants/strains in animals, including reservoir hosts, potential intermediate hosts, and common vectors

EXPANDING GENERALIZABLE BASIC RESEARCH THAT WOULD SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF VACCINES FOR FUTURE THREATS

Using new technologies to define the atomic-level details of surface proteins likely to be vaccine targets

Understanding cell tropism and receptor requirements and determining replication mechanisms and capacity for antigenic diversity

Rapid development of monoclonal antibody and protein reagents to guide and facilitate vaccine development

Developing humanized models with an eye on potential for generalizability - what needs to be done?

Developing humanized models with an eye on potential for generalizability: how to do it?

CRISPR/CAS9 as tool to improve animal models

Humanized mice

Human organ on chip (MPS) infection model development

Introducing immunity to MPS

Developing immunological assays with an eye on potential for generalizability

GLOBAL COLLABORATION TO COODINATE BASIC AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH AS PART OF PANDEMIC PREPAREDNESS

WHO R&D Blueprint for Epidemics

WHO surveillance Hub

Main conclusions

WHO Report scientific approach pandemic preparedness

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